R.A.
9165 Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002
For Students in Dentistry
§
The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of
2002 or Republic Act No. 9165 is a consolidation of Senate Bill No.
1858 and House Bill No. 4433. It was signed into law by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo on January 23, 2002.
§
Unlawful Acts and Penalties
o
Section 5 The
penalty of life imprisonment to death and a fine ranging from Five hundred
thousand pesos (P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00) shall be
imposed upon any person, who, unless authorized by law, shall sell, trade,
administer, dispense, deliver, give away to another, distribute dispatch in
transit or transport any dangerous drug.
o
Section 8. The penalty of
life imprisonment to death and a fine ranging Five hundred thousand pesos
(P500,000.00) to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00) shall be imposed upon any
person, who, unless authorized by law, shall engage in the manufacture of any
dangerous drug.
o
Section 11. Possession of
Dangerous Drugs. - The penalty
of life imprisonment to death and a fine ranging from Five hundred thousand
pesos to Ten million pesos shall be imposed upon any person, who, unless
authorized by law, shall possess any dangerous drug
§
The following sections are list of most Common
illegal drugs in the Philippines
o
Cannabis is the dried (marijuana) or processed (hashish) plant of
Cannabis sativa, C. indica and C. ruderalis. It is a mild hallucinogen and
relaxant and has been used for its medicinal and psychoactive effects for
thousands of years (Section 11 RA 9165)
o
SHABU or Crystal methamphetamine hydrochloride is a synthetic
amphetamine and potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant. It is produced
from ephedrine and pseudoephedrine by chemical reduction.
o
Ecstasy is a synthetic hallucinogenic amphetamine. Medically it is
used by psychotherapists to treat post-traumatic stress disorder.
o
Mescaline is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug of the
phenethylamine family.
o
Cocaine is a crystalline tropane alkaloid obtained from the leaves
of the coca plant.
o
Heroin or diacetylmorphine (Known as Opium Poppies) is a
semi-synthetic opioid. It is synthesized from morphine by acetylation.
o
Gamma-hydroxybutryrate has been used as a general anesthetic agent
and CNS depressant in the treatment of insomnia.
DENTAL
EFFECTS OF illegal Drugs
There are some oral signs that
although not unique, may provide clues to a history of substance use.
Ø Many
heroin users exhibit multiple carious teeth, particularly class V lesions. This
is due to the drug induced xerostomia, poor diet and lack of oral hygiene.
Ø Bruxism
appears to be associated with both methamphetamine and ecstasy.
Ø Crystal
methamphetamine also increases caries rates and tooth loss as a crystalline
cariogenic residue is left on the teeth after smoking, nasal or oral intake.
Ø Ecstasy
users jaw clenching and teeth grinding may lead to severe dental attrition.
Ø Marijuana
is the most likely illicit drug to be taken when attending the dental office.
However, unlike alcohol, it does not produce any detectable odor on the breath
or signs of intoxication.
Ø Cocaine
presents a potentially life threatening situation in the dental practice. The
combination of cocaine use and a local anesthetic with vasoconstrictor may
exacerbate a sympathetic response and the development of a hypertensive crisis
or cardiac dysrhythmia. Twelve hours after cocaine use if the patient has no
tachycardia, hypertension or agitation dental treatment or sedation may
proceed.
Ø Heroin
and opiate users often complain that analgesics do not work. Nonsteroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs should be used to manage discomfort as narcotics may
cause relapse in recovering addicts.
References:
R.A. 9165 Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002
http://www.oralhealthgroup.com/features/recreational-illicit-drug-use/
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